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- ***********************************************************
- * Somatotropin, prolactin and related hormones signatures *
- ***********************************************************
-
- The hormone somatotropin (growth hormone, GH) which plays an important role
- in growth control, choriomammotropin (lactogen), a placental analog of GH; and
- prolactin which acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation,
- have been shown [1] to be homologous. This family of proteins also includes
- other hormones listed below (references are only provided for recently
- determined sequences).
-
- - Rodents placental lactogens I and II.
- - Bovine and sheep lactogen.
- - Mouse proliferin I, II, III and proliferin related protein [3].
- - Bovine placental prolactin-related proteins I, II, and III [4].
- - Rat placental prolactin-like proteins A and B.
- - Human growth hormone variants 1 (GH-V1) and 2 (GH-V2).
- - Somatolactin (SL) from various fish [5].
-
- The schematic representation of the structure of proteins belonging to this
- family is shown below.
-
- <----------------180-to-210-residues------------->
- *** *****
- xxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxCxxxCxxC
- | | | |
- +----------------------------+ +--+
-
- 'C': conserved cysteine involved in a disulfide bond.
- '*': position of the patterns.
-
- We developed two signature patterns for this family of proteins, both patterns
- include cysteines involved in conserved disulfide bonds.
-
- -Consensus pattern: C-x-[ST]-x(2)-[LIVMFY]-x-[LIVMSTA]-P-x(5)-[TALIV]-x(7)-
- [LIVMFY]-x(6)-[LIVMFY]-x(2)-[STA]-W
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for grass carp somatotropin, mouse prolactin, bovine placental prolactin-
- related protein 3 and rat prolactin-like protein B.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: Herpes virus type I glycoprotein D.
-
- -Consensus pattern: C-[LIVMFY]-x(2)-D-[LIVMFYSTA]-x(5)-[LIVMFY]-x(2)-[LIVMFY]-
- x(2)-C
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for chicken prolactin, rat prolactin-like protein B and human growth hormone
- variant 2.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 10.
-
- -Last update: June 1992 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Wallis M.
- J. Mol. Evol. 17:10-18(1981).
- [ 3] Connor A.M., Waterhouse P., Khokha R., Denhardt D.T.
- Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1009:75-82(1989).
- [ 4] Kessler M.A., Milosavljevic M., Zieler C.G., Schuler L.A.
- Biochemistry 28:5154-5161(1989).
- [ 5] Rand-Weaver M., Noso T., Muramoto K., Kawauchi H.
- Biochemistry 30:1509-1515(1991).
-